What is .Net Framework - and its components - CLR, CTS, CLS, JIT, Class library, MSIL (IL)

Origin of .net technology

OLE(Object Linking and Embedding) Technology :-

It is a technology developed by Microsoft and use to embed documents from one application into another application and manipulate object in another application. For developers, it brought OLE Control Extension (OCX).

COM(Component object Model) Technology :-

Each component and model developed and tested independently, and then integrated it and tested in the system, this technology is called COM.
Distribute development across multiple department which enhances software maintainability and reduce the complexity of software.

.Net technology :-

COM provide binary mechanism for intermodule communication is replaced by an intermediate language(IL). IL allow cross language integration, that enable us to developed web application easily.

Three Generation of Component Model

what is asp.net framework

.NET Framework support ASP.NET, as well as Windows Forms development
The .NET Framework consists of three main parts:

• 1. The common language runtime (CLR)
• 2. The .NET Framework class library
• 3. User and programe Interface(Asp.net and window forms)

.Net framework provide tools for managing user and application interface which enable user to develop desktop and web applications using variety of language.
Windows froms
console Applications
Web Form
Web Service

Architecture Of .Net Framework

Componenets of .Net Framework

Common language runtime (CLR):-

CLR is a runtime environment in which programs written in c# and other .Net language. i.e CLR is responsible for managing the execution of the code compiled for the .Net platform. it also support cross language interoperability
Component of CLR

• a.) Common type runtime
• b.) Intermedia language(IL)
• c.) Security
• d.) Class Loader
• e.) Memory Management layout
• f.) Execution Support function
• g.) Garbage Collection.

Service provide by CLR

• a.) Loading and execution of programs
• b.) Memory management
• c.) Automatic garbage collection.
• d.) Manage exception and error
• e.) Support debugging
• f.) Verifying type safety
• g.) Provide metadata

.Net framework class library

.Net provide library of base class which help to support the efforts of developers by providing base classes from which developers can inherit. Much of the functionality in the base class reside in the namespace called System.

Common Type system (CTS)

Using CTS, .net framework support multiple language. Basically CTS support Varity of Types and operation of many language, so there is no need type conversion while calling one language from another.

Common language specification (CLS)

CLS is a subset of Common Type system (CTS) that helps third-party compiler designers and library builders and language supporting the CLS can use each other class library.

MSIL (Microsoft intermediate language) or IL (intermediate language)

When compile a programme written in CLS-Compliant language, the source code is compiled into MSIL or IL.

Mange Code

when CLR satisfy the Code at runtime in order to execute forward to managed code. The Compiler that compatible to the >net platform generate managed code.

JIT (Just in Time)

It is used to convert common intermediate language into native code (Machine code).

Different type Of JIT

• a.) Normal JIT :- When first time programme or method called at runtime then normal JIT is called. When same method or programme called again for execution, than compiled code from cache is used.
• b.) Econo JIT :- These compiled method are removed from memory after execution which is not require at runtime.
• c.) Pre-JIT :- These compile entire IL(intermediate language) into native code into single compilation cycle, this is done at the time of development of the cycle.

Execution of programme in CLR and behave of its components

Key Points

C#, VB, J# generate only Intermediate language where as c++ generate Intermediate language and native code Native code not store permanently, Every time native code generate whenever execute the programme

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